Tradition
Western
Philosophy in the line that begins with the ancient Greeks and continues through Roman, medieval Latin, and modern European and Anglophone thought.
Periods
- Ancient Greek and Romanc. 600 BCE – 529 CE
- Medieval529 – c. 1400 CE
- Early modernc. 1600 – c. 1800
- Late modernc. 1800 – c. 1900
- Contemporaryc. 1900 – present
Schools
- Pythagoreanismfrom c. 530 BCE
- Atomism
- Platonismfrom c. 387 BCE
- Epicureanismfrom c. 306 BCE
- Stoicismfrom c. 300 BCE
- Pyrrhonism
- Neoplatonismc. 250 – c. 650 CE
- Scholasticism
- Social contract theory
- Rationalism
- Empiricism
- Utilitarianism
- Existentialism
- Pragmatism
- Phenomenology
- Logical Empiricism
- Frankfurt School
Philosophers
- Thalesc. 624 – c. 546 BCE
- Anaximanderc. 610 – c. 546 BCE
- Pythagorasc. 570 – c. 490 BCE
- Xenophanesfl. 540–480 BCE
- Heraclitusfl. 510–490 BCE
- Anaxagorasc. 500 – 428 BCE
- Parmenidesfl. 500–450 BCE
- Protagorasc. 490 – c. 420 BCE
- Empedoclesfl. 470–430 BCE
- Socratesc. 470 – 399 BCE
- Zeno of Eleafl. 465–440 BCE
- Democritusc. 460 – after 400 BCE
- Platoc. 429 – 347 BCE
- Diogenes of Sinopec. 404 – c. 323 BCE
- Aristotle384–322 BCE
- Epicurus341–270 BCE
- Hipparchiafl. 310–290 BCE
- Chrysippusc. 280 – c. 207 BCE
- Cicero106–43 BCE
- Lucretiusc. 95 – c. 55 BCE
- Senecac. 1 BCE – 65 CE
- Epictetusc. 55 – c. 135 CE
- Sextus Empiricusfl. 100–250 CE
- Marcus Aurelius121–180 CE
- Plotinusc. 204 – 270 CE
- Augustine354–430 CE
- Proclus412–485 CE
- Boethiusc. 476 – c. 526 CE
- John Scottus Eriugenac. 800 – c. 877 CE
- Anselm of Canterbury1033–1109
- Peter Abelardc. 1079 – 1142
- Bonaventurec. 1221 – 1274
- Thomas Aquinasc. 1225 – 1274
- Meister Eckhartc. 1260 – c. 1328
- John Duns Scotusc. 1265 – 1308
- William of Ockhamc. 1287 – 1347
- Nicholas of Cusa1401–1464
- Desiderius Erasmus1469–1536
- Niccolò Machiavelli1469–1527
- Michel de Montaigne1533–1592
- Giordano Bruno1548–1600
- Francis Bacon1561–1626
- Marie de Gournay1565–1645
- Lucrezia Marinellac. 1571 – 1653
- Jeanne de Chantal1572–1641
- Thomas Hobbes1588–1679
- Angélique Arnauld1591–1661
- Agnès Arnauld1593–1671
- René Descartes1596–1650
- Madame de Sablé1598–1678
- Madeleine de Scudéry1607–1701
- Margaret Fell1614–1702
- Elisabeth of Bohemia1618–1680
- Ninon de Lenclos1620–1705
- Blaise Pascal1623–1662
- Margaret Cavendish1623–1673
- Angélique de Saint-Jean Arnauld d'Andilly1624–1684
- Jacqueline Pascal1625–1661
- Kristina Wasa1626–1689
- Madame de Sévigné1626–1696
- Anne Conway1631–1679
- Baruch Spinoza1632–1677
- John Locke1632–1704
- Madame de Maintenon1635–1719
- Antoinette Deshoulières1638–1694
- Nicolas Malebranche1638–1715
- Marguerite de La Sablière1640–1693
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz1646–1716
- Anne Dacier1647–1720
- Marquise de Lambert1647–1733
- Damaris Masham1658–1708
- Mary Astell1666–1731
- Catharine Trotter Cockburn1679–1749
- George Berkeley1685–1753
- Montesquieu1689–1755
- Émilie du Châtelet1706–1749
- David Hume1711–1776
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau1712–1778
- Adam Smith1723–1790
- Immanuel Kant1724–1804
- Catharine Macaulay1731–1791
- Jeremy Bentham1748–1832
- Olympe de Gouges1748–1793
- Mary Wollstonecraft1759–1797
- Sophie de Grouchy1764–1822
- G. W. F. Hegel1770–1831
- Mary Shepherd1777–1847
- Arthur Schopenhauer1788–1860
- Sarah Grimké1792–1873
- John Stuart Mill1806–1873
- Harriet Taylor Mill1807–1858
- Margaret Fuller1810–1850
- Søren Kierkegaard1813–1855
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton1815–1902
- Karl Marx1818–1883
- Charles Sanders Peirce1839–1914
- William James1842–1910
- Friedrich Nietzsche1844–1900
- E. E. Constance Jones1848–1922
- Gottlob Frege1848–1925
- Edmund Husserl1859–1938
- Henri Bergson1859–1941
- John Dewey1859–1952
- Jane Addams1860–1935
- Alfred North Whitehead1861–1947
- Maria Montessori1870–1952
- Rosa Luxemburg1871–1919
- Bertrand Russell1872–1970
- G. E. Moore1873–1958
- Edith Landmann-Kalischer1877–1951
- Susan Stebbing1885–1943
- Ludwig Wittgenstein1889–1951
- Martin Heidegger1889–1976
- Edith Stein1891–1942
- Rudolf Carnap1891–1970
- Susanne Langer1895–1985
- Karl Popper1902–1994
- Theodor W. Adorno1903–1969
- Ayn Rand1905–1982
- Jean-Paul Sartre1905–1980
- Hannah Arendt1906–1975
- Maurice Merleau-Ponty1908–1961
- Simone de Beauvoir1908–1986
- W. V. O. Quine1908–2000
- Simone Weil1909–1943
- Albert Camus1913–1960
- Elizabeth Anscombe1919–2001
- Iris Murdoch1919–1999
- Philippa Foot1920–2010
- John Rawls1921–2002
- Paulo Freire1921–1997
- Ruth Barcan Marcus1921–2012
- Thomas Kuhn1922–1996
- Jean-François Lyotard1924–1998
- Gilles Deleuze1925–1995
- Michael Dummett1925–2011
- Michel Foucault1926–1984
- Alasdair MacIntyre1929–2025
- Bernard Williams1929–2003
- Jürgen Habermas1929–2026
- Ignacio Ellacuría1930–1989
- Jacques Derrida1930–2004
- Luce Irigarayborn 1930
- Richard Rorty1931–2007
- Jerry Fodor1935–2017
- Robert Nozick1938–2002
- Jean-Luc Nancy1940–2021
- David Lewis1941–2001
- Giorgio Agambenborn 1942
- Slavoj Žižekborn 1949