Period
Late modern
c. 1800 – c. 1900
The nineteenth century, from German idealism after Kant to Marx, Mill, Kierkegaard and Nietzsche.
After Kant, German idealists led by Hegel built ambitious systems in which history and reason were bound together. The century then saw sharp reactions against them, from Kierkegaard’s insistence on the single individual and Marx’s materialism to Nietzsche’s attack on morality and religion, while in Britain John Stuart Mill developed empiricism and utilitarianism into a liberal philosophy of society.
- Traditions
- Western
Philosophers
- Sophie de Grouchy1764–1822
- G. W. F. Hegel1770–1831
- Mary Shepherd1777–1847
- Arthur Schopenhauer1788–1860
- Sarah Grimké1792–1873
- John Stuart Mill1806–1873
- Harriet Taylor Mill1807–1858
- Margaret Fuller1810–1850
- Søren Kierkegaard1813–1855
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton1815–1902
- Karl Marx1818–1883
- Charles Sanders Peirce1839–1914
- William James1842–1910
- Friedrich Nietzsche1844–1900
- E. E. Constance Jones1848–1922
- Gottlob Frege1848–1925
- Edmund Husserl1859–1938
- Henri Bergson1859–1941
- John Dewey1859–1952
Sources
- Anthony Kenny, A New History of Western Philosophy, vol. 4: Philosophy in the Modern World, Oxford University Press