Philosopher

Ratnakīrti

fl. 1000–1050

Also known as Ratnakirti

Buddhist philosopher at Vikramaśīla whose crisp restatements of his teacher's work capture the final stage of Dignāga's tradition in India, and defend idealism and even solipsism.

Ratnakīrti was a Buddhist scholar at the monastery of Vikramaśīla in the first half of the eleventh century. With Atiśa and his own teacher Jñānaśrīmitra he is recorded as a disciple of the master Dharmakīrti of Suvarṇadvīpa, and he was also a respected tantric master. Ten of his philosophical works survive in Sanskrit.

He described them as summaries of Jñānaśrīmitra’s much longer, often meandering works, but they are rather sharp, systematic restatements, each built around an inference stating the main point, and he quotes his opponents with care. Living some six centuries after Dignāga, he stands at the end of the last great cycle of attack and reply that this Buddhist tradition went through in India, so his works give a lucid picture of it in its final, most mature form.

Key ideas

Only one awareness
Nothing exists but undivided awareness, which knows itself; there is nothing outside it. Ratnakīrti went further than most idealists, arguing that there are no other streams of awareness either: he is both an idealist and a solipsist.
Vivid and non-vivid
There are only two kinds of awareness. Perception shows a vivid form, its object just as it strikes the senses; concepts show a form that is not vivid. Underneath both is reflexive awareness, a kind of perception.
The mistake of difference
Everyday concepts go wrong by dividing subject from object, one mind from another, and qualities from things. That habitual error, rooted in the belief in a permanent self, keeps unenlightened beings in suffering and rebirth.
Tradition
Indian
Region
Vikramaśīla monastery, eastern India
Schools
Yogācāra

Influences

Influenced by

Ratnakīrtifl. 1000–1050

Influenced by

Ratnakīrtifl. 1000–1050

Where these links come from
  • Ratnakīrti drew on Dharmakīrti. Source: Patrick McAllister, Ratnakīrti, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Key works

  • A Refutation of Other Mental Continua
  • A Proof of an Omniscient Being
  • A Proof of Exclusion

Sources

  1. Patrick McAllister, Ratnakīrti, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy